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                    Introduction
            
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                    序
            
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                    邮差与邮局 (网络协议概观)
            
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        <li class="header">连接层协议</li>
        
        
    
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                    小喇叭开始广播 (以太网与WiFi协议)
            
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                    IP接力赛 (IP, ARP, RIP和BGP协议)
            
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                    地址耗尽危机 (IPv4与IPv6地址)
            
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                    我尽力 (IP协议详解)
            
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                    瑞士军刀 (ICMP协议)
            
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                    傀儡 (UDP协议)
            
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                    不放弃 (TCP协议与"流"通信)
            
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                    爱的传声筒 (TCP连接)
            
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                    魔鬼细节 (TCP滑窗管理) 
            
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                    涅槃 (TCP重新发送)
            
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                    天下为公 (TCP堵塞控制)
            
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                    9527 (DNS协议)
            
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                    先生，要点单吗? (HTTP协议)
            
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                    小美的桌号 (DHCP协议)
            
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                    我和你的悄悄话 (SSL/TLS协议)
            
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                    逆袭 (CIDR与NAT)
            
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                    Mac OSX网络诊断命令
            
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                                <h1 id="&#x4E2D;&#x82F1;&#x6587;&#x672F;&#x8BED;&#x5BF9;&#x7167;&#x8868;">&#x4E2D;&#x82F1;&#x6587;&#x672F;&#x8BED;&#x5BF9;&#x7167;&#x8868;</h1>
<p>&#x4EE5;&#x4E0B;&#x672F;&#x8BED;&#x6309;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x987A;&#x5E8F;&#x6392;&#x5217;</p>
<p>&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: Protocol<br>&#x6469;&#x5C14;&#x65AF;&#x7801;: Morse Code<br>&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5C42;: Physical Layer<br>&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x5C42;: Link Layer<br>&#x5E27;: Frame<br>&#x6536;&#x4FE1;&#x5730;&#x5740;: Source<br>&#x9001;&#x4FE1;&#x5730;&#x5740;: Destination<br>&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;: Frame Check Sequence<br>&#x6570;&#x636E;: Payload<br>&#x7C7B;&#x578B;: Type<br>&#x4EE5;&#x592A;&#x7F51;: Ethernet<br>&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5C42;: Network Layer<br>&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x5668;: Router<br>&#x7F51;&#x5361;: Network Interface Controller<br>&#x8DEF;&#x7531;: Routing<br>&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5C42;: Transport Layer<br>&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x53F7;: Port Number<br>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C42;: Application Layer<br>&#x5C01;&#x88C5;: Encapsulation<br>&#x4EE5;&#x592A;&#x7F51;: Ethernet<br>&#x5E8F;&#x8A00;: Preamble<br>&#x65F6;&#x949F;&#x590D;&#x539F;: Recover Clock<br>&#x8D77;&#x59CB;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;: Start Frame Delimiter<br>&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x5730;: Destination<br>&#x53D1;&#x51FA;&#x5730;: Source<br>&#x6821;&#x9A8C;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;: Frame Check Sequence<br>&#x5FAA;&#x73AF;&#x5197;&#x4F59;&#x6821;&#x9A8C;: Cyclic Redundancy Check<br>&#x96C6;&#x7EBF;&#x5668;: Hub<br>&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x5668;: Switch<br>&#x51B2;&#x7A81;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;: Collision Detection<br>&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x7F51;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: Internet Protocol
&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5305;: Datagram<br>&#x5957;&#x63A5;&#x5B57;: Socket<br>&#x5934;&#x90E8;: Header<br>&#x5B50;&#x7F51;&#x63A9;&#x7801;: Subnet Mask<br>&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x8868;: Routing Table
&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: Address Resolution Protocol<br>&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: Routing Information Protocol<br>&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x5668;&#x6570;&#x76EE;: Hop Number<br>&#x90BB;&#x5C45;&#x53D1;&#x73B0;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: Neighbor Discovery Protocol<br>&#x81EA;&#x6CBB;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;: Autonomous System<br>&#x8FB9;&#x754C;&#x7F51;&#x5173;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: Border Gateway Protocol<br>&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x7F51;&#x540D;&#x79F0;&#x4E0E;&#x6570;&#x5B57;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x673A;&#x6784;: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers<br>&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x7F51;&#x53F7;&#x7801;&#x5206;&#x914D;&#x5C40;: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority<br>&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x7F51;&#x6CE8;&#x518C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x673A;&#x6784;: Regional Internet Registries<br>&#x7F51;&#x8DEF;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x5546;&#xFF1A;Internet Service Provider<br>&#x4E13;&#x7528;&#x5730;&#x5740;: Special Use Address<br>&#x7248;&#x672C;: Version<br>&#x5B58;&#x6D3B;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;: Time to Live<br>&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;: Type of Service<br>&#x5DEE;&#x5F02;&#x5316;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x9886;&#x57DF;: Differentiated Service Field<br>&#x663E;&#x5F0F;&#x62E5;&#x585E;&#x901A;&#x77E5;: Explicit Congestion Notification<br>&#x9009;&#x9879;: Option<br>&#x9996;&#x90E8;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;: Internet Header Length<br>&#x603B;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;: Total Length<br>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x957F;&#x5EA6;: Payload Length<br>&#x5EF6;&#x8FDF;: Latency<br>&#x788E;&#x7247;&#x5316;: Fragmentation<br>&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;: Reassembly<br>&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5355;&#x5143;: Maximum Transportation Unit<br>&#x6D41;&#x6807;&#x7B7E;: Flow Label<br>&#x4E0D;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x7684;: Unreliable<br>&#x987A;&#x5E8F;: Order<br>&#x53CD;&#x7801;&#x548C;: One&apos;s Complement Sum<br>&#x4E92;&#x8054;&#x7F51;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x6D88;&#x606F;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: Internet Control Message Protocol<br>&#x9519;&#x8BEF;: Error<br>&#x56DE;&#x97F3;: Echo<br>&#x6E90;&#x5934;&#x51B7;&#x5374;: Source Quench<br>&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x65E0;&#x6CD5;&#x5230;&#x8FBE;: Destination Unreachable<br>&#x8D85;&#x65F6;: Time Exceeded<br>&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x5B9A;&#x5411;: Redirect<br>&#x62D2;&#x7EDD;&#x670D;&#x52A1;: Denial of Service<br>&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x62A5;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: User Datagram Protocol<br>&#x51FA;&#x53D1;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;: Source Port<br>&#x76EE;&#x7684;&#x5730;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;: Destination Port<br>&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;: Transportation Control Protocol<br>&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x6D41;: Byte Stream<br>&#x7247;&#x6BB5;: Segment<br>&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x53F7;: Sequence Number<br>&#x4E71;&#x5E8F;:  Out of Order<br>&#x786E;&#x8BA4;: Acknowledgement<br>&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x53D1;&#x9001;: Retransmission<br>&#x95F2;&#x7F6E;: Idle<br>&#x6ED1;&#x7A97;: Sliding Window<br>&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;: Connection<br>&#x53CC;&#x5DE5;: Duplex<br>&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x5E8F;&#x5217;&#x7F16;&#x53F7;: Synchronize Sequence Number<br>&#x4E09;&#x8DEF;&#x63E1;&#x624B;: Three-Way Handshaking<br>&#x56DB;&#x6B21;&#x63E1;&#x624B;: Four-Way Handshaking<br>&#x534A;&#x53CC;&#x5DE5;: Half-Duplex<br>&#x6700;&#x5927;&#x5B58;&#x6D3B;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;: Maximum Segment Lifetime<br>&#x7D2F;&#x8BA1;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;: Accumulative Acknowledgement<br>&#x7A7A;&#x7A74;: Hole<br>&#x6D41;&#x91CF;&#x63A7;&#x5236;: Flow Control<br>&#x6B7B;&#x9501;: Deadlock<br>&#x7A97;&#x53E3;&#x63A2;&#x6D4B;: Window Probe<br>&#x767D;&#x75F4;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;&#x7EFC;&#x5408;&#x75C7;: Silly Window Syndrome<br>&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x8D85;&#x65F6;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;: Retransmission Timeout<br>&#x5F80;&#x8FD4;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;: Round Trip Time<br>&#x91C7;&#x6837;&#x5F80;&#x8FD4;&#x65F6;&#x95F4;: Sampling Round Trip Time<br>&#x5FEB;&#x901F;&#x91CD;&#x65B0;&#x53D1;&#x9001;: Fast Retransmission<br>&#x5835;&#x585E;&#x5D29;&#x6E83;: Congestion Collapse<br>&#x5835;&#x585E;&#x63A7;&#x5236;: Congestion Control<br>&#x5835;&#x585E;&#x7A97;&#x53E3;: Congestion Window<br>&#x6162;&#x542F;&#x52A8;: Slow Start<br>&#x5835;&#x585E;&#x89C4;&#x907F;: Congestion Avoidance<br>&#x57DF;&#x540D;: Domain Name<br>&#x57DF;&#x540D;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;: Domain Name System<br>&#x57DF;&#x540D;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x5668;: DNS Server<br>&#x57DF;&#x540D;&#x89E3;&#x6790;&#x6A21;&#x5757;: DNS Resolver<br>&#x8D85;&#x6587;&#x672C;&#x6587;&#x6863;: Hypertext Document<br>&#x8D44;&#x6E90;: Resource<br>&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;: Request<br>&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x7801;: Status Code<br>&#x65E0;&#x72B6;&#x6001;: Stateless<br>&#x65E0;&#x7C7B;&#x522B;&#x57DF;&#x95F4;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;: Classless Inter Domain Routing<br>&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;:  Network Address Translation<br>&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5730;&#x5740;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;:  Network Address Port Translation        </p>

                                
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